The most popular theory is that Arthur was based on a Romano-British leader who fought against the Saxons during the early medieval period. The historical context for this theory lies in the 5th and 6th centuries, a time when Britain was grappling with the fall of the Roman Empire and the subsequent invasions of the Saxons. Some scholars believe that Arthur was a war leader who rose to prominence in this turbulent period and led his people in battle, much like other leaders of the time, though it is unclear whether he ever held the title of king.
One of the key sources that might suggest Arthur was real is the Annales Cambriae, a 10th-century Welsh chronicle that mentions the battle of Badon Hill, where a leader named Arthur is credited with a significant victory over the Saxons. This reference is tantalizing, but it does not provide enough evidence to definitively prove Arthur’s existence.
Another possibility is that Arthur was not one man, but a composite figure, created from various historical leaders, including warriors and chieftains who resisted the Saxon incursions. Over time, these real figures may have been merged into the legend of a single heroic king.
The 'Once and Future King'
The concept of Arthur as the "Once and Future King" has become a central part of the legend. This idea is often linked to the notion that Arthur will return in Britain’s time of greatest need. This aspect of the legend has been particularly influential in literature and folklore, offering a sense of hope that the hero will one day come back to save the kingdom.
The earliest known mention of Arthur’s return appears in Historia Regum Britanniae, where Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote that Arthur would return after his death to rule again. The phrase “Once and Future King” was popularized by Sir Thomas Malory and later by T.H. White in his 1958 novel The Once and Future King, which was adapted into various works, including the Disney film The Sword in the Stone.
This belief in Arthur’s eventual return has become symbolic of the enduring nature of his legend. Even if Arthur was a real historical figure who died long ago, his memory continues to inspire those who look to the past for hope and guidance in times of crisis. shutdown123